Benny Goodman
中文名：本尼古德曼 外文名：Benjamin David Goodman 国籍：美国 生日：1909年5月30日 逝世日期：1986年6月13日 职业：演奏家 简介：Benjamin Goodman是美国爵士乐单簧管演奏家和乐队领队，被称为“摇摆之王”。
在20世纪30年代中期，古德曼领导了美国最受欢迎的音乐团体之一。他于 1938年1月16日在纽约卡内基音乐厅举行的音乐会上被评论家布鲁斯·埃德描述为“历史上最重要的爵士乐或流行音乐演唱会：爵士乐''走出''世界'可敬的'音乐派对。”
Goodman的乐队开始了许多爵士音乐家的职业生涯。在一个种族隔离的时代，他领导了第一批综合爵士乐团体。 本尼·古德曼：出生于1909年的芝加哥。象大多数大师级人物在他们的早年都显露出非凡的才华，具有犹太人血统的Benny Goodman也一样。Benny Goodman从小就师从名师弗郎兹。修普学习单簧管演奏，在12岁边上台公演引起人们广泛的关注。凭借出众的才华、良好的教育和卓越的贡献，Benny Goodman在20岁出头时便成为举世闻名的爵士乐大师了。Benny Goodman在30年代开创了一个崭新的年代，那就是爵士乐黄金时期“摇摆时代”，Benny Goodman正是这种风潮的英雄。 Benny Goodman是爵士乐历史上最优秀的单簧管演奏家，在1929至1933年之间Benny Goodman与众多爵士音乐家合作录制了难以计数的唱片。在1935年到1938年期间，Benny Goodman是全世界最受欢迎的歌手。Benny Goodman打破种族间的界限，在自己的乐团中定期让黑人钢琴手Teddy Wilson、电颤琴手Lionel Hampton和吉他手Charlie Christian等参加演出，这在当时的美国是件非常了不起的事情了。 人物简介：1925年加入本·波拉克的乐队担任独奏。随波拉克去纽约，1929年之后成为自由职业者。1934年组成自己的12件乐器的 乐队，开创了“摇摆乐时代”(swingera)。1935年与特迪·威尔逊（钢琴）和吉恩·克鲁帕（鼓）组成三重奏组，1936年加上莱昂内尔·汉普顿（颤音琴）扩大成四重奏组。1938年与布达佩斯四重奏团一起录制了莫扎特的单簧管五重奏并委托巴托克创作《对比》(Contrasts)，1939年在纽约与西盖蒂和巴托克一起首演了这首乐曲。任纽约爱乐乐团（指挥巴比罗利）独奏家演出莫扎特协奏曲。1947年委托科普兰和欣德米特创作协奏曲，并在多个美国交响乐团担任独奏家演出伯恩斯坦、勃拉姆斯、德彪西、韦伯、尼尔森、普罗科菲耶夫、普朗克和斯特拉文斯基的作品。1940年重组自己的乐队，1948年再次重组乐队。 音乐生涯：本尼·古德曼1909年5月30日生于美国伊利诺斯州的芝加哥。古德曼11岁随弗兰茨·舒普 学习演奏单簧管，12岁首次在公众面前模仿泰德·刘易斯风格的演奏而引起人们的关注。1923年，他已是音乐家联盟的成员。1925年8 月，年仅16岁的古博曼加入了本·波拉克的管弦乐队井成为波拉克乐队的独奏乐手，1926年12月，克德曼书波拉克一道录制了首张唱片。1928年，19岁的古德曼终于有机会领衔录音，录制了两首歌曲和一首三重奏。 红极一时：1929年，占德曼离开波拉克的乐队，加盟雷博·尼科尔斯的“五便士”乐队。1929—1933年，录制了难以胜数的乐曲。在乐队中，古德曼同时演奏中音萨克斯管、上低音萨克斯管和小号等3件乐器，但是，他演奏这些乐器的成就最终也未能超过他演奏的单簧管。1934年，古德曼组建起一支自己的管弦乐队，井开始为哥伦比亚唱片公司录制唱片。在著名的广播系列节目“让我们跳舞吧”中，乐队演奏的商标式的旋律《让我们跳舞吧》成为这个节目的开始曲。1935年5月，这支乐队为维克多唱片公司录制的乐曲《脚夫王顿足舞曲》和《我有时快乐》红极一时。1938年1月16日，乐队在卡内基音乐厅精彩绝伦的演出引起了轰动，古德曼也因为演唱了基尼·克鲁帕创作的歌曲《唱、唱、唱》而成为明星。 晚年生活：1946年，古德曼因波普爵士乐的兴起不得不解散乐队。1948年，他又组织了一支七人乐队。1949年，乐队演奏了由奇克·奥法里尔编配的一些乐曲。1950午，古德曼精减了乐队的阵容，参与了许多影片的拍摄。1973—1977年，古德曼停止了录音。80年代初，他又显示出对演出的强烈兴趣，并与洛恩·舒伯格再次组建了一支人乐队，这支乐队曾在电视节目中频频露面。1986年6月13日，古德曼在纽约州纽约市去世，享年75岁。 Benny Goodman：Benny Goodman was the first celebrated bandleader of the Swing Era, dubbed "The King of Swing," his popular emergence marking the beginning of the era. He was an accomplished clarinetist whose distinctive playing gave an identity both to his big band and to the smaller units he led simultaneously. The most popular figure of the first few years of the Swing Era, he continued to perform until his death 50 years later. <br/>Goodman was the son of Russian immigrants David Goodman, a tailor, and Dora Rezinsky Goodman. He first began taking clarinet lessons at ten at a synagogue, after which he joined the band at Hull House, a settlement home. He made his professional debut at 12 and dropped out of high school at 14 to become a musician. At 16, in August 1925, he joined the Ben Pollack band, with which he made his first released band recordings in December 1926. His first recordings under his own name were made in January 1928. At 20, in September 1929, he left Pollack to settle in New York and work as a freelance musician, working at recording sessions, radio dates, and in the pit bands of Broadway musicals. He also made recordings under his own name with pickup bands, first reaching the charts with "He's Not Worth Your Tears" (vocal by Scrappy Lambert) on Melotone Records in January 1931. He signed to Columbia Records in the fall of 1934 and reached the Top Ten in early 1934 with "Ain't Cha Glad?" (vocal by Jack Teagarden), "Riffin' the Scotch" (vocal by Billie Holiday), and "Ol' Pappy" (vocal by Mildred Bailey), and in the spring with "I Ain't Lazy, I'm Just Dreamin'" (vocal by Jack Teagarden). <br/>These record successes and an offer to perform at Billy Rose's Music Hall inspired Goodman to organize a permanent performing orchestra, which gave its first performance on June 1, 1934. His instrumental recording of "Moon Glow" hit number one in July, and he scored two more Top Ten hits in the fall with the instrumentals "Take My Word" and "Bugle Call Rag." After a four-and-a-half-month stay at the Music Hall, he was signed for the Saturday night Let's Dance program on NBC radio, playing the last hour of the three-hour show. During the six months he spent on the show, he scored another six Top Ten hits on Columbia, then switched to RCA Victor, for which he recorded five more Top Ten hits by the end of the year. <br/>After leaving Let's Dance, Goodman undertook a national tour in the summer of 1935. It was not particularly successful until he reached the West Coast, where his segment of Let's Dance had been heard three hours earlier than on the East Coast. His performance at the Palomar Ballroom near Los Angeles on August 21, 1935, was a spectacular success, remembered as the date on which the Swing Era began. He moved on to a six-month residency at the Congress Hotel in Chicago, beginning in November. He scored 15 Top Ten hits in 1936, including the chart-toppers "It's Been So Long,""Goody-Goody,""The Glory of Love,""These Foolish Things Remind Me of You," and "You Turned the Tables on Me" (all vocals by Helen Ward). He became the host of the radio series The Camel Caravan, which ran until the end of 1939, and in October 1936, the orchestra made its film debut in The Big Broadcast of 1937. The same month, Goodman began a residency at the Pennsylvania Hotel in New York. <br/>Goodman's next number one hit, in February 1937, featured Ella Fitzgerald on vocals and was the band's first hit with new trumpeter Harry James. It was also the first of six Top Ten hits during the year, including the chart-topping "This Year's Kisses" (vocal by Margaret McCrae). In December, the band appeared in another film, Hollywood Hotel. The peak of Goodman's renown in the 1930s came on January 16, 1938, when he performed a concert at Carnegie Hall, but he went on to score 14 Top Ten hits during the year, among them the number ones "Don't Be That Way" (an instrumental) and "I Let a Song Go out of My Heart" (vocal by Martha Tilton), as well as the thrilling instrumental "Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)," which later was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. <br/>By 1939, Goodman had lost such major instrumentalists as Gene Krupa and Harry James, who left to found their own bands, and he faced significant competition from newly emerged bandleaders such as Artie Shaw and Glenn Miller. But he still managed to score eight Top Ten hits during the year, including the chart-topper "And the Angels Sing" (vocal by Martha Tilton), another inductee to the Grammy Hall of Fame. He returned to Columbia Records in the fall. In November, he appeared in the Broadway musical Swingin' the Dream, leading a sextet. The show was short-lived, but it provided him with the song "Darn That Dream" (vocal by Mildred Bailey), which hit number one for him in March 1940. It was the first of only three Top Ten hits he scored in 1940, his progress slowed by illness; in July he disbanded temporarily and underwent surgery for a slipped disk, not reorganizing until October. He scored two Top Ten hits in 1941, one of which was the chart-topper "There'll Be Some Changes Made" (vocal by Louise Tobin), and he returned to radio with his own show. Among his three Top Ten hits in 1942 were the number ones "Somebody Else Is Taking My Place" (vocal by Peggy Lee) and the instrumental "Jersey Bounce." He also appeared in the film Syncopation, released in May. <br/>American entry into World War II and the onset of the recording ban called by the American Federation of Musicians in August 1942 made things difficult for all performers. Goodman managed to score a couple of Top Ten hits, including the number one "Taking a Chance on Love" (vocal by Helen Forrest), in 1943, drawn from material recorded before the start of the ban. And he used his free time to work in films, appearing in three during the year: The Powers Girl (January), Stage Door Canteen (July), and The Gang's All Here (December). <br/>Goodman disbanded in March 1944. He appeared in the film Sweet and Low-Down in September and played with a quintet in the Broadway revue Seven Lively Arts, which opened December 7 and ran 182 performances. Meanwhile, the musicians union strike was settled, freeing him to go back into the recording studio. In April 1945, his compilation album Hot Jazz reached the Top Ten on the newly instituted album charts. He reorganized his big band and scored three Top Ten hits during the year, among them "Gotta Be This or That" (vocal by Benny Goodman), which just missed hitting number one. "Symphony" (vocal by Liza Morrow) also came close to hitting number one in early 1946, and Benny Goodman Sextet Session did hit number one on the album charts in May 1946. Goodman hosted a radio series with Victor Borge in 1946-1947, and he continued to record, switching to Capitol Records. He appeared in the film A Song Is Born in October 1948 and meanwhile experimented with bebop in his big band. But in December 1949, he disbanded, though he continued to organize groups on a temporary basis for tours and recording sessions. <br/>If popular music had largely passed Goodman by as of 1950, his audience was not tired of listening to his vintage music. He discovered a recording that had been made of his 1938 Carnegie Hall concert and Columbia Records released it on LP in November 1950 as Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert, Vol. 1 & 2. It spent a year in the charts, becoming the best-selling jazz album ever up to that time, and was later inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. A follow-up album of airchecks, Benny Goodman 1937-1938: Jazz Concert No. 2, hit number one in December 1952. The rise of the high fidelity 12" LP led Goodman to re-record his hits for the Capitol album B.G. in Hi-Fi, which reached the Top Ten in March 1955. A year later, he had another Top Ten album of re-recordings with the soundtrack album for his film biography, The Benny Goodman Story, in which he was portrayed by Steve Allen but dubbed in his own playing. <br/>After a tour of the Far East in 1956-1957, Goodman increasingly performed overseas. His 1962 tour of the U.S.S.R. resulted in the chart album Benny Goodman in Moscow. In 1963, RCA Victor staged a studio reunion of the Benny Goodman Quartet of the 1930s, featuring Goodman, Gene Krupa, Teddy Wilson, and Lionel Hampton. The result was the 1964 chart album Together Again!Goodman recorded less frequently in his later years, though he reached the charts in 1971 with Benny Goodman Today, recorded live in Stockholm. His last album to be released before his death from a heart attack at 77 was Let's Dance, a television soundtrack, which earned a Grammy nomination for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band. <br/>Goodman's lengthy career and his popular success especially in the 1930s and '40s has resulted in an enormous catalog. His major recordings are on Columbia and RCA Victor, but Music Masters has put out a series of archival discs from his personal collection, and many small labels have issued airchecks. The recordings continue to demonstrate Goodman's remarkable talents as an instrumentalist and as a bandleader. ~ William Ruhlmann, Rovi <br/>
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